Sample of investigative essay on infidelity

Sample of Investigative Essay on Infidelity Abstract The institution of matrimony is the one which has to wade through many troubled waters and thereby is considered to be one of the most volatile and sensitive relationships which is quite often threatened by infidelity. For instance, in today’s world, we get to see marriages falling apart like a house of cards and the culprit of these mishaps are more often not the infidelity of one or both of the partners. It is quite natural for a married couple to lose interest in each other’s personalities which if often perceived to be the root cause of infidelity. The issue of infidelity has been present in our society since ancient times. There are many depiction of this kind of behavior in the world of art and literature. One can also find numerous literary works of renowned authors which have an underlying theme of infidelity. Thesis Statement: In this article we are going to evaluate the circumstances which give birth to infidelity and the repercussions of the act. This article includes references taken from the literary works of Graham Greene and various other scholars who have delved deeper into the realms of infidelity. The Choice of Being an Infidel: We are well acquainted with the fact that infidelity is primarily found in older people, who are old enough to be called adolescents at the least. This reflects that infidelity is something which is committed consciously by adults and it is not be mistaken for a simple error or a childish adventure. Infidelity is something which a person chooses to opt for in order to experience a seemingly better life. The question of infidelity arises when a person is not happy in his/her relationship, and by that we are referring to a full-fledged romantic relationship. A romantic relationship is strengthened with virtues like commitment and loyalty and the mere whiff of infidelity can break the foundations of a seemingly strong relationship. When a person feels that his/ her relationship lacks something which is rather important, or if they feel that their partners are not being able to meet their needs adequately, they choose to tread of the path of infidelity. It comes to them as a means of escape and they welcome it into their lives with a hope that now things will turn in their favor. In his short story about a married couple, the author, Graham Greene has portrayed two characters that look like they are leading a perfectly normal life. However, their lives are tarnished with the acts of both of them as they decided to cheat on their partners in order to find something new in their lives. The normalcy of the scene is heightened by the common activities like having a casual acquaintance and a harmless lunch. But the roots of infidelity had already sprouted and the lady protagonist admits to her feelings while she is in the secure boundaries of her household. This is how infidelity starts its initial attacks. A person goes deeper into it despite knowing the fact that they are inviting nothing but trouble in their relationship and their life. What causes a person to be an infidel? Many studies have been conducted with regards to the cause of infidelity and they all have shown varied results. This indicates that infidelity is of a complex issue which can occur due to multiple reasons and have multiple consequences as well. First, the cause of infidelity has been related to insecurity in a relationship. Insecurity may arise due to present or past experiences. It has been claimed that as we grow older and understand the meaning and value of relationships, we tend to form a perception about them which can also be influenced by circumstances. For example, a child who has gone through a troubled upbringing feels more insecure in an adult relationship as compared to a person who has felt the security and comfort of family ties. For the former, a romantic relationship is a big step which involves loyalty, trust and faith and the person in question can either welcome these feelings or shun them as per his preferences. If he chooses to accept the complexities of a relat ionship in a positive way, that person has relatively lesser chances of being an infidel. On the contrary, if that person does not believe in the virtues of a healthy relationship, he/she has more chances of cheating. Bur for people who have witnesses all the secure bonds in their childhood; it is highly unlikely that they would cheat on their partners. However, it also depends on how they feel at that particular moment when they are fully aware of their commitments. If a person feels trapped in a relationship, the easiest way out would be to go looking for happiness elsewhere. So the way we perceive our relationship plays the most significant role in our life. There can be many reasons why we might incline towards infidelity, but it is only our own judgment that either encourages us to go forward or stops us at the very first step. Consequences of Infidelity: It is a well known fact that infidelity does not lead to favorable outcomes. The mere fact that this is a violation of trust enhances the gravity of the issue. Many people feel that their partner’s continual infidelity has caused the relationship to fall apart. Not many can, or are willing to, accept the relationship once they find out that they have been cheated upon. Infidelity is something that not only affects the victim, but also the doer. People who cheat on their partner somehow have the hope that they will come out clean, which in truth, seldom happens. The act of infidelity involves the risk of letting it out in front of your partner and hurting their feelings. According to some studies which have been conducted in this regard, a person who cheats admits that it is not a smooth affair to be disloyal to your partner. More often than not, the revelation of infidelity hurts the doer more than it hurts the spouse. The spouse always has the chance to walk away with dignity whereas the cheat has to either let go of the loved one or try to make things better on his own without the support and concern that was familiar. You can look at it from any perspective, but the results are always disastrous. Works of Art Which Portray Infidelity: Infidelity has been the cause of many artistic outcomes in the yesteryears. The example can be derived from the works of Pablo Picasso, a pioneer in modern art, who depicted the notions of infidelity in his massive collection, many of which were the depiction of his life. Pablo Picasso, the renowned artist, was also famous for his infidel pursuits. He was associated with numerous women and he portrayed them all in his paintings in various forms. Some of his paintings include the depiction of the struggle women went through in order to gain his faithfulness. One such painting, named â€Å"Birds in a Cage† is an artistic portrayal of two of Picasso’s lovers, Dora Maar and Marie-Therese Walter. There are numerous other paintings which portray women as an object of Picasso’s pleasure and indulgence, thereby accrediting him with the title of an irrepressible infidel. However, in today’s times, the sensitivity of the issue of infidelity hinders the creativity that can arise out of it. In the modern world, there are very few works of art, as compared to the massive archive, which depict the notion of infidelity. Especially, in the United States of America, which is known for its cultural and artistic aspect, one can see the lack of inspiration drawn from such topics. However, in countries like France, Italy and Russia, artists are more comfortable in depicting such issues in the form of sculptures and paintings. One such example of an extensive range of display of today’s world,   which comprises of sculptures depicting infidelity,   can be seen in the site Infidelity.redversion which comprises of sculptures created by the Russian artist,Dionis Solo, who specializes in such sculptures. The artist has sculpted many figures which portray â€Å"infidelity† in its abstract form. The topic of infidelity is not an unknown thing in the United States of America even though they refrain from accepting it in the public domain. The lack of artistic creation regarding this issue could be attributed to the facts and figures pertaining to the nation. According to the recent statistics of America, 57% of the male population and 54% of the female population have admitted that they have committed infidelity at least once in their relationships. Consequentially, the divorce rate in America is 53%. From the point of view of infidelity, the American society is quite unstable and in most often in an emotional and psychological turmoil. This could be one reason why creativity is hindered in these aspects as the facts and figures pertaining to infidelity in America are not too favorable. Conclusion: Owing to the developments in the field of human psychology and science, expert guidance in these matters is readily available. There are many couples who seek the help of professionals in resolving their marital issues. There are many kinds of therapies which have been specially designed for couple who experience a troubled relationship owing to infidelity. However, these therapies can only prove to be helpful if both the partners have a mutual understanding to bring a positive change in their relationship and inculcate some behavioral values which will help their relationship bloom. This is a more reasonable way of dealing with such a sensitive issue even though it is easier said than done. Many people just find the easiest solution of abandoning their partner the very first time they become the victim or cause of infidelity. To conclude, the issue of infidelity can be dealt with in a fair manner with the help of healthy communication and mutual understanding. References: 1) Krauss, S. Who Is Likely to Be Unfaithful, and Why? : An inside look at what causes infidelity. (2013). 2) Weiss, R. All About Men and Infidelity: Ten Reasons Why Men Cheat.. (2013). 3) Greene, G. Collected Short Stories: Twenty-one Stories: a Sense of Reality: May We Borrow Your Husband? London: Penguin, 2000

The Manchester Derby Term Paper Example

Essays on The Manchester Derby Term Paper The paper "The Manchester Derby" is a brilliant example of a term paper on sports and recreation. The Manchester derby had been anticipated for weeks and it did not disappoint by all standards. The sensation of the players was worth watching as each side struggled to bag the full three points on offer. Attendance stood at 72,350 about 2,000 shies of this seasons’ record turnout of 75,350 between Manchester United and West Ham United. This is not surprising as the derby has ever attracted a staggering 78,000 turnout. Like any other derby, the match had its fair share of drama with a player being sent off 35 minutes into the game. There were a total of 8 cards issued; one red card and 7 yellow cards. Manchester City has now had three red cards and 35 yellow cards compared to its rivals who have 36 yellow cards and no red card so far (Star shine, 2014).   Manchester City marksman Sergio Aguero was on point netting two goals. His 14th-minute volley came close to breaking the league record of the fastest goal currently standing at 13 seconds by fellow teammate Jesus Navas. His goal tally stands at 15 goals 9 behind current league top scorer Luiz Suarez in 15 appearances. Manchester City managed to keep a clean sheet of 12 consecutive unbeaten runs just two behind league leaders Chelsea. It also brought their goals scored to 69 trailing Liverpool by 4 goals while having conceded 27 goals, 5 more than Chelsea and 4 less their opponents. There was no much celebration for Manchester who had hoped to walk away with the full points in a bid to make it to the top four thresholds for Champions League qualification. They had to settle for a draw after a last-minute goal by Van Persie drew them level in the 92nd added time. In his 273rd appearance in the league, Wayne Rooney found the back of the net with a superb through pass from Juan Mata. He now has 11 goals in 22 appearances having been declared man of the match for the second time this season. He managed to cover 7.6 miles compared to the Manchester City player of the Match Yaya Toure who covered 7.3 miles in the game. At the end of the day, the derby lived up to the expectations of the fans though the two-sided had to share the spoils (star shines, 2014).

Background of Start Up Opportunity

Question: Discuss about theBackground of Start Up Opportunity. Answer: Introduction: A young company which has just started to develop is known as a startup. It is initially funded and managed either by a single individual or a group of persons all of them are usually founders. They try to offer a product or service which is currently not being offered in the market or it is available in a very less quantity which means the competitors are quite less (Buckley, 2013). During the initial stages, the expenses of the startup organizations tend to go beyond their revenues because they are developing, trying and marketing their proposal. For this reason, startups can take business advance from banks, or they can receive grants under the government schemes. Startups dont have the history because they are the innovations, but there are always chances that they turn into a profit business, although investing in them is always a high risk (Smith, 2014). The startup opportunity which I am planning to take is the skill trade. There are multiple reasons behind choosing this as a business. Firstly the roots of this approach lie in our history. Everyone has studied history and thus might remember the barter system in which people used to exchange goods for getting a service. It was the period when money did not exist. Today people have money but their expenses have increased equally. Secondly in this era of globalization where there is so much competition human beings who have average trade skills are unable to make their both ends meet. Thirdly, there are big industries available for providing a small service. For example: For the repair of car you need to contact the agency and then it becomes a tedious task. Fourthly, the major problem for starting up a venture is finding a suitable location. There is no need for operational site. A small room is enough for back-end work (Psaltopoulos, Stathopoulou and Skuras, 2005). Keeping all these problems in mind, a solution which comes to mind will be creating the website which will be purely based on the barter system. In this website, if you want to get your car repaired without giving money then you give the service of cleaning the house for one week. Startups have a high failure rate due to which finding investors becomes a cumbersome task. But as charity begins at home, similarly this idea can be started within the friends. Once the website starts getting clicks, it will be automatically come up in the rating and on the other hand, the best way to advertise any upcoming venture is by word of mouth (Steven Chang and Ping Li, 2003). Although a proper plan will be required for executing this business effectively. A strategy will also be required to safeguard overextending the services in return as an exchange. Moreover, if a person will always be involved in skill trade, then there would be no time to earn income. Therefore one should keep in mind the following: How much one should barter? Only skill trade those things which you feel are parallel to amount needs to be paid. The rule of thumb will be to see the limit of products purchased or service taken. For instance: If the car repair would have cost you $ 100 then see in return that how much a made charges for one-week household work. If it is equal then go for it else says "No." The service you are getting is essential for running your business? Is the potential trade partner trust worthy? One should enter into agreements with only those business owners whom you trust or already have business relationships. One shouldn't trust people whom you just met for skill trade. Enter only with those trade partners who have already fulfilled previous agreements. If the skilled trade is for months, then it is advisable to enter into agreements and writing down all the necessary details so that both the parties are at the win-win situation. We will make sure that if a person is engaging into skill trade through our website, then the deal is closed from both the parties. This business has proved to be quite essential in the past and it will be quite helpful to industries also. There comes a time in an organization when individuals approach their retiring age and the human resource personnel has not found the suitable candidate as a replacement of this person, at this point of time they can search the candidates from here and their work will be done while searching for the appropriate candidate. Apart from this is helpful for those who are engaged in seasonal works. Such personnels are free for six months and during these months it is not easy for them to make their both ends meet. This kind of website will act as a savior for such people. References Buckley, M. (2013). On the Essential Nature of Business. Business Ethics Journal Review, pp.92-98. Makarov, I. and Plantin, G. (2015). Rewarding Trading Skills without Inducing Gambling. The Journal of Finance, 70(3), pp.925-962. Psaltopoulos, D., Stathopoulou, S. and Skuras, D. (2005). The Location of Markets, Perceived Entrepreneurial Risk, and Start-up Capital of Micro Rural Firms. Small Bus Econ, 25(2), pp.147-158. Smith, C. (2015). Value Proposition. Cream City Review, 39(2), pp.13-13. Smith, D. (2014). Starting Up. Science. Steven Chang, T. and Ping Li, P. (2003). How to succeed in e business by taking the haier road: formulating e business strategy through network building. Competitiveness Review, 13(2), pp.34-45. Thompson, L. (2000). Clear Goals, Solid Evidence, Integrated Systems, Realistic Roles. HealthcarePapers, 1(4), pp.60-66. Vial, V. (2016). A Business Model Canvas for Social Enterprises. Sains Humanika, 8(1-2). Walker, E. (2004). What Success Factors are Important to Small Business Owners?. International Small Business Journal, 22(6), pp.577-594. Yenipazarli, A. (2014). A road map to new product success: warranty, advertisement and price. Annals of Operations Research, 226(1), pp.669-694. Zook, E. (2014). Effective Leadership Promotes Perioperative Success. AORN Journal, 100(1), pp.4-7.

Link Spiritual Development and Education †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Link Spiritual Development and Education. Answer: Introduction: India is the largest country in South Asian region with a population of about 1.2 billion (Subbarayalu 396). The country borders the Indian Ocean on the South, the Arabian Sea on the South West and the Bay of Bengal on the South East. The Indian culture dates back to more than 4,500 years during the Vedic period. It is the foundations of Hindu philosophy, mythology, theology, and literature that led to the development of many beliefs and practices which exist even to date. A myth is a popular historical belief that explains the origin of cultural practices or natural phenomenon (Brown and Aaron 13). The stories are always supernatural. As a result, mythology is defined as the study of the paranormal stories that account for the existence of something (Sellaturray et al. 390). The Indian mythology is rich of elements that form the Indian culture making it even unique in the world. Different Indian stories have been passed from generation to generation through word of mouth or the stored scriptures and works of art economics. The Indian myths always convey subtle facts, rules, and maxims to offer guidance the daily lives of people. There are several Indian myths, some of which include; yoga is a system of exercise, India is poor, India is a country and traveling in India is dangerous and Vishnu. According to Indian mythology, Lord Hanuman is one of the seven immortals that was devoted to Rama. Others immortals include Kripacharya, Parashurama, Vibhihana, Mahabali, Ashwattama, and Vyas (Weiss and Richards 274). Hanuman immortality is a combination of several boons that he received from many different gods. Hanumans father was Vayu the god of wind and Anjana, a celestial nymph and was believed to be a monkey because of the spelled curse on Anjana by sage. A story of Hanuman while young, leaping up the sky when mistook Sun to be a ripe mango that he wanted to eat to quench the hunger (Bhatnagar and Sushma 3). Unfortunately, Lord Indra the king of gods intervened when Sun made noise after being shocked with Hanumans behavior. Indra came to help Sun, by striking Hanuman down into the earth using Vajra, a thunderbolt that led to breakage of hanumans its jaw. In Sanskrit, the word Hanu means Jaw while Man means Disfigured so the word Hanuman means disfigured jaw. The action annoyed Hanuman father, Vayu, (God of wind) to go into secluded place, taking all the air in the world along with him hence the living beings began asphyxiating, this led Indra to withdraw the effect of the thunderbolt that kept Hanuman unconscious. Later devas revived Hanuman blessing him with multiple boons to appease Vayu. The boons granted Hanuman manyblessings. Varuma granted Hanuman the boon of life, meaning that he would not die either from noose or water, Yama granted him the boon of good health as he would be invulnerable to the chastisement rod while Lord Kuvera granted Hanuman the boon that his mace will never cause any harm during combat and Hanuman will live long. The combination of all these blessings made Hanuman powerful and immortal. The immortality is evident when Lord Ram issued a command that Hanuman to be executed by arrows because of disharmony, a threat that was created by Narada. The execution through the use of arrows failed to do any harm to Hanuman even when Ram tried to use Brahmastra. There are other 108 names of Lord Hanuman in the Sanskrit language. Due to intense devotion and adoration to Rama-bhakti, Hanuman became ideal character among the Indians even to date. Today Hanuman is a subsidiary figure and worshiped in most of the Indian temple that is dedicated to Rama or in the shrines that are dedicated directly to Hanuman himself (Ali and Mumtaz 257). In those shrines, monkeys always throng since they know that they cannot get any human interference. Most of the devotees believe that in the chanting of the name Hanuman, leads to the destruction of demons economics. In every Indian home, a lamp is always lit daily at specific times and places, some before the altar, some before the dawn, some before dusk some homes twice a day and some homes the lamp is continued throughout the day (King and Ursula 250). All the functions such as housewarmings and housebreaking always commence with the lighting of the lamp too, throughout the event. Among the Indians, light is perceived as a symbol of knowledge, during darkness as a symbol of ignorance. Knowledge removes darkness, and it is a lasting inner wealth by which the outer achievement is accomplishable; therefore, Indian also believes that Lord is the knowledge principle, the source, the illuminator, the enlivener (Sinha and Ajay 64). Thats why the Indian light the lamps, bow down to the knowledge as the greatest form of wealth and most major source of knowledge. Even with todays development where there is electricity in almost every part of the world, Indians still doesnt embrace the light from the bul b. The traditional oil lamp is believed to have spiritual significance as it symbolizes Indian Vaasanas, or negative tendencies, the wick and the ego. When there is light, the spiritual gets exhausted slowly, and finally, the ego perishes too. As the flame burns upwards, Indians too ask knowledge to take them to higher ideals. During those events, there are four different lamps used; In auspicious work, the lamp is preferable to as Sthapitadipa meaning the witness for that occasion or work (Sinha and Ajay 67). During the worships and some vows such as marriage, the lamp made from the flour dough, Pisthadipa. Another lamp that is known as Aukshana is waved around a person to increase the lifespan while Raghuvansh is a lamp that is lit around horses before a war begins to bring protection and victory. Ethics is the ideology of protecting, recommending the proper behavior from the wrongful actions. India has versed ethical issues that are used to uphold life moral values such as brotherhood, honesty, and integrity (Seetharam and Sridevi 75). These values come from great Indian Epics such as Ramayana and the Mahabharata. Such stories teach the children the importance of keeping a promise, having affection and relevance to their parents, warnings of bad advice, defending the weak, sibling bonding and more other moral lessons. Conclusion Beliefs and practices have been important parts of the Indian religion and culture, which makes them believe that they are incomplete without them and passable from generation to generation. The diversity and the uniqueness have made them be recognized globally, and are all practiced with each believing on different aspects due to different opinions that everyone has toward them. Works cited Ali, SriMumtaz. "Spiritual Well-Being: The Fourth Dimension Of Health."Indian Journal Of Public Health, vol 56, no. 4, 2012, p. 257. Medknow, doi:10.4103/0019-557x.106411. Bhatnagar, Sushma. "To Find The Story Behind The Story......"Indian Journal Of Palliative Care, vol 19, no. 1, 2013, p. 1. Medknow, doi:10.4103/0973-1075.110211. Brown, Aaron. "Kelly Myths And Heroes."Wilmott, vol 2016, no. 85, 2016, pp. 10-15. Wiley-Blackwell, doi:10.1002/wilm.10531. King, Ursula. "Earthing Spiritual Literacy: How To Link Spiritual Development And Education To A New Earth Consciousness?."Journal Of Beliefs Values, vol 31, no. 3, 2010, pp. 245-260. Informa UK Limited, doi:10.1080/13617672.2010.520998. Sellaturay, SenthyV et al. "Proteus: Mythology To Modern Times."Indian Journal Of Urology, vol 28, no. 4, 2012, p. 388. Medknow, doi:10.4103/0970-1591.105748. Sinha, Ajay. "Ajay Sinha. Review Of "Gods On The Move: Architecture And Ritual In The South Indian Temple" By Crispin Branfoot.."Caa.Reviews, 2010, College Art Association, doi:10.3202/caa.reviews.2010.62. Subbarayalu, Y. "Book Review: Irfan Habib And Faiz Habib, Atlas Of Ancient Indian History."The Indian Economic Social History Review, vol 51, no. 3, 2014, pp. 394-399. SAGE Publications, doi:10.1177/0019464614537139. Weiss, Richard S. "Religion And The Emergence Of Print In Colonial India: Arumuga NavalarS Publishing Project." The Indian Economic Social History Review, vol 53, no. 4, 2016, pp. 473-500. SAGE Publications, doi:10.1177/0019464616662138.

Assisted Suicide Essays (1627 words) - Euthanasia, Medical Ethics

Assisted Suicide Assisted suicide (or Euthanasia) is a topic undergoing serious debate. There exist two obvious and definite opinions regarding this controversy. The anti-euthanasia faction consist of: Conservative religious groups. They are often the same organizations that oppose access to abortion. Medical associations whose members are dedicated to saving and extending life, and feel uncomfortable helping people end their lives. Groups concerned with disabilities, which fear that euthanasia is the first step towards a society that will kill disabled people against their will. These groups bring both a religious and professional ethics perspective to the opinion that physician assisted suicide should be prohibited by law. The other side of the debate over euthanasia is those individuals who follow the convictions of Dr. Jack Kevorkian and the Right to Die organization. The book Prescription: Medicine (1993) is an interesting, yet controversial book about physician assisted suicide. Authored by the only physician known to provide assisted suicide to terminally ill patients, Dr. Jack Kevorkian, the book brings up some topics of heated debate. Kevorkian discusses his Suicide Machine, reasons for assisted suicide, and some of the cases he has supervised. The Proponents for Euthanasia In his book, Dr. Kevorkian explains the ancient roots of euthanasia and his invention of the Suicide Machine. He gives examples of how doctors in the time of the Pythagorean readily gave poison to any patient who requested it. Kevorkian tries to justify assisted suicide by carefully stating the words of the Hippocratic Oath. He also thoughtfully interprets both the laws and the oath in order to make it look like they agree with his ideas. One justification for assisted suicide that Kevorkian uses is that of a proclamation by a medical committee that it is ethical for physicians to help terminally ill patients commit suicide. Only, he doesn't make it very obvious that the committee is part of a special interest group known as the Society for the Right to Die. This committee was obviously biased because of its affiliation with the organization. There could be some complicated problems if physicians were allowed to perform euthanasia at anytime on anybody who wanted it. The biggest problem might be if someone is mentally and physically incapacitated to the point where they can't make decisions on their own, and they want to die, who is really making the decision? Are they deciding or is it their greedy relatives that want the inheritance? Absolutely no one has the right to choose who gets to live or who gets to die. Advocates of voluntary euthanasia contend that if a person is meets the following criteria then there should be legal and medical provision to enable her to be allowed to die or assisted to die. The individual must be: 1.) suffering from a terminal illness 2.) unlikely to benefit from the discovery of a cure for that illness during what remains of their life expectancy 3.) as a direct result of the illness, either suffering intolerable pain, or only has available a life that is unacceptably burdensome (because the illness has to be treated in ways which lead to her being unacceptably dependent on others or on technological means of life support) 4.) have an enduring, voluntary and rational wish to die (or has, prior to losing the competence to do so, expressed a wish to die in the event that conditions #1 - #3 are satisfied); and 5.) unable, without assistance, to commit suicide The major argument is that people possess the right to end their own lives if they wish to. There is no laws or regulations outlawing it and the action harms no one other then the individual who commits suicide. Advocates of euthanasia believe that death is preferable for people whose quality of life has shrunk to zero, find the indignities of being cared for as an infant unbearable, or simply want to die with dignity before they become very sick. This group would include, but is not limited to individuals afflicted by ALS, Huntington's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, AIDS, Alzheimer's, etc. The Opponents of Euthanasia In a recent article from the Connecticut Post (1998) a physician described the phrase "doctor assisted suicide" as an oxymoron. The author believes that if someone assists you with taking your life you have not really committed suicide. Whether it is a doctor or your best friend helping you take your life, it is nothing less then murder. As mentioned earlier in this document the three primary constituents of the anti-euthanasia debate are religious institutions, medical professionals, and persons with disabilities.

Napster vs RIAA essays

Napster vs RIAA essays Napster is an ongoing controversy on the Web. Napster is a software program that allows anyone to find their favorite music by connecting them to the computers of millions of other users. It is the simplest way to find the MP3s they want, whenever they want, and share them with the world's largest community of music lovers. An estimated 20 million people have used Napster since it came out last year. With all the people who support Napster, there are just as many that want to see it shut down. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) is suing Napster for copyright infringement. RIAA found that 87 percent of the songs transferred via Napster are copyrighted. (This case is currently in trial) Musicians such as Dr. Dre and Metallica also sued Napster and now anyone who tries downloading their music will be banned. Dr. Dre was quoted saying, Downloading my music without paying anything is equivalent to stealing food from my kids. Napster has been banned on campus servers at 40 percent of the nation's colleges and universities. Copyrighted material being transferred through Napster has also angered numerous labels. Major labels, such as Warner Music Group, BMG Entertainment, Universal Music Group and Sony Music have sued Napster. They already won one partial victory in the suit, when federal Judge Marilyn Hall Patel rejected Napster's first attempt to have the case dismissed. Now the industry wants more: It is asking the judge for a preliminary injunction against the company, aiming to stop a huge volume of recorded material from being swapped through Napster while the suit goes to trial. Napster allows its users to trade MP3-format music files over the Web, which violates music industry copyrights and robs artists of royalties for the reproductions, according to the RIAA. Napster says it is protected under the "fair use" doctrine, similar to the use of videotape recorder ...

Customer Relationship Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Customer Relationship Management - Assignment Example The CRM is fully featured software with an architecture that encompasses the features of â€Å"Customer Service, Sales Management, and Marketing Automation† (Tomkinson, pp. 10-12, 2007). The CRM solution has many advantages and limitations with it. The software diminishes and decrease the cost of ownership but the difficult user interface becomes a challenge associated to it. Since the CRM solution provides a wide range of benefits to the organizations and efficient output come under generation, therefore, organizations tend to implement CRM as it provides one platform to maintain the database and integrate the business processes. Numerous organizations from the world have implemented the CRM software and are getting benefit from it. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Introduction to Customer Relationship Management (CRM) 4 CRM Architecture 6 CRM and Contact Management 8 Benefits of CRM 8 Limitations of CRM 9 Why does an organization require CRM? 10 Consequences of CRM in adopting C RM technology 10 Conclusion & Recommendations 11 References 13 Introduction to Customer Relationship Management (CRM) The world today is shrinking with the emergence of the concept of globalization and the businesses and customers are in correlation to each other on a global platform. Therefore, it has become essential and indispensable for any organization to maintain their customer related information, sales records, statistics and forecast, and their marketing techniques on a distinct and single platform or database where all the information come under integration to each other. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is one of the approach or program that comes into practice by an organization on a broad perspective in order to administer, operate, and handle the communication and dealings of the enterprise with its consumers and prospects (Buttle, pp. 3-4, 2008). Some people also view CRM as a company strategy whose focal point is its customers and their contentment and complace ncy is of top priority for the organization along with the prime goals and objectives of augmenting the earnings, productivity, prosperity, and success. The history of CRM reveals the information that it is not an old concept; rather it has emerged in the middle of the last century and acquired acceptance, awareness and popularity with the development and advancements in technological marketing software. The twenty first century gave boost to the Customer Relationship Management software and IT dealers made the wide utilization of this software and launched their customized systems as CRM (Vogt, pp. 2-4, 2009). The application of CRM comes under exercise and practice with the use of technology to systematize, standardize, automate, synchronize, integrate and amalgamate the business processes and functions that embrace the customer support and services, sales exercise and marketing of products. In a broad-spectrum, the CRM has been designed with a perspective and vision to search for new prospects, influence or catch their attention through the marketing techniques and convert the prospects into customers, along with fostering, persuading and providing support to the existing clients of the organization in order to sustain them as well (Ed., pp. 6-7, 2008). CRM focuses on evaluating, assessing, signification, and prioritizing the association its customers while putting this course of action into practice. CRM program come under design in such a way that it has all the tools and techniques available that maintains the customer information in detail since

Management Skills Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management Skills - Case Study Example Since decisions and plans made by the vacuum process approach normally do not consider the consequences of counter-decisions that are likely to be taken by the affected parties, this conventional approach could be possibly shortsighted. This paper will describe how the coevolutionary gaming theory facilitates the group decision making. Often a decision made on the basis of the current and historical data may bring worse outcomes if reactionary moves are not taken into account appropriately. It can be illustrated using the example of a new market entrant who plans to implement a low price strategy to dominate over the existing market players. Based on the data available, this low price strategy may seem a simple approach because it is just to trim down prices and to charge lower than what the competitors charge for the same product. However, this plan conveniently assumes that the existing market players who share the entire market will simply ignore the newcomer. What the available data do not tell is that the market leaders are in a better position to engage in a price war than the new market entrant because they will probably have a stronger financial base. Taking advantages of the economies of scale, market leaders can aggressively compete with the newcomer to the extent where they set prices below the breakeve n point of the new market entrant. At this point, the newcomer would struggle to survive because the firm’s operating expenses outweigh its sales revenues. According to Perc and Szolnoki (2010), the coevolutionary gaming approach is capable of addressing the limitation of the conventional decision making practice because when making decision and plans based on coevolutionary gaming approach, possible counter-decisions and plans of affected parties are considered, and the impacts of those reactions are well scrutinized for the purpose of making changes to the decisions and plans being developed before they are

Assimilation waves Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assimilation waves - Essay Example Cultural pluralism arises when smaller groups within a larger society maintain their unique cultural identities, values, and beliefs which become accepted by the larger culture as long as they are in line with the provided laws and values of the greater society. In this context, ethnic groups co-exist side by side while at the same time showing respect for other cultures that exist around them. Ethnic groups in America should be free to engage in the activities of the society’s major activities while at the same time able to retain their own ethnic heritage and identity. Thus the main strength of this theory is that it allows ethnic groups to retain their cultural ideologies It has to do with the conformity to the fixed standards, regulations and requirements so as to feel part of given society. This theory advocated for the immigrants to learn English language adaptation of norms, values, and ideologies in order to conform to the integral Anglo-American society as well as the greater Anglo-Saxon community. The United States came up with various concepts in a bid to explain what was meant to be called an American. Therefore, the immigrants had to change their way of life in order to accommodate new ideologies such as civil rituals, the English language and other aspects of the American culture. The weakness of this theory is that it ruins the patterns of life of given ethnic group as they seek to conform to another culture which in essence demeans a particular group.

Syntactic Errors in Writing

Syntactic Errors in Writing Introduction When the British colonised the then Malaya, English was used in the colonial administration. English was the national language in Malaya and it was used as medium of instruction in English schools. When Malaya gained independence in 1957, the role of English as the official language dropped and Bahasa Melayu replaced English as the national language and medium of instruction in schools. In schools, English is considered as the second language. The official status of English in Peninsular Malaysia ceased after 31st August 1967, in Sabah was after September 1973 and in Sarawak was after September 1985. (Asmah Haji Omar, 2003) Even though English is the second language in Malaysia and it is still used in mostly urban areas, however, many people feel that the younger generations of Malaysians are not proficient in the language. There is a great difference in English proficiency among urban and rural school students even though they share the same syllabus. This might be because mother tongue and Bahasa Malaysia are widely used in the rural community compared to English. Problem Statement Many teachers and researchers found that many students in Malaysia have problems in writing syntactically correct English sentence. This might be because of their exposure to the language is lesser than the exposure to the national language, Bahasa Malaysia or is due to the influence of the mother tongue and Bahasa Malaysia. Saadiyah Darus and Khor (2009) investigated written English essays of Form 1 Chinese students in a school in Perak and they found that their subjects made numerous syntactic errors in their essays. Errors on tense made up of 121 of errors and subject verb agreement consists of 87 errors. Thus, they believed that the errors made by their subjects are due to the influence of their first language and also due to confusion on the English grammar rules because some rules in English do not exist in their mother tongue or first language. Saadiyah Darus and Kaladevi Subramaniam (2009) examined written English essays of Form 4 students in a school in Semenyih, Selangor and they found that the majority of their subjects made mistakes in singular/plural form followed by verb tense and others. They concluded that their subjects have problems acquiring normal grammatical rules in English. There are two objectives for this study. The first objective is to identify the common syntactic errors in compositions written by upper secondary- specifically Form four students. The second objective is to identify the reasons the subjects committed the errors. Analysis Twenty two essays on Sports injuries and its prevention were collected from 22 form four students from a secondary school in Petaling Jaya. There are 12 Malays, 3 Chinese and 7 Indian students in this class. These students are considered as of high or high intermediate proficiency. The students are all males and they are from the first class of the fourth form and they all came from national type school that uses Bahasa Malaysia as the main medium of instruction. The essays were then marked and analysed for the common errors the subjects committed. Type of Errors Number of Person Subject Verb Agreement 14 Tenses 13 Auxiliary 10 Singular/Plurals 10 Preposition 8 Table 1: Type of Errors Error Correct Form Here some general rules for injury prevention. Here are some general rules for injury prevention. There is a lot of sports in the world. There are a lot of sports in the world. Rules, aside from keeping the games fair, is also to help make the sports safer for everyone. Rules, aside from keeping the games fair, are also to help make the sports safer for everyone. These steps is important in preventing injuries. These steps are important in preventing injuries. There are a few ways to prevent this injuries. There are few ways to prevent these injuries. Table 2: Examples of errors in subject verb agreement According to the findings, the most common error made by the students is the subject verb agreement. Fourteen out of 22 students have problems in subject verb agreements. Most of the students do not know when to use is/are and was/were. For example, These steps is important in preventing injuries. This student used is instead of are might be because he does not know the differences between is and are and when to use the appropriate verb. Students have problems in differentiating the verbs because in Chinese and Mandarin, there is an absence of agreement between subjects and verbs in the languages and this may cause the students to commit errors on subject verb agreement. (Saadiyah Darus Khor, 2009) Maros et al (2007) examined the interference in learning English among form 1 students in Malaysia and they found that most of their subject committed grammatical errors due to the interference of Bahasa Malaysia. In Bahasa Malaysia, there is no such subject verb agreement rule that requires inflections based on the number of subjects. For example when He plays basketball is translated into Bahasa Malaysia, it will be Dia main bola keranjang. Even though dia is a third person singular, in Bahasa Malaysia, there is no need to add the suffix -s after the word main. Hence, the subjects were confused on when to add the suffix -s and this resulted in numerous subject verb agreement errors in their essays. Subject verb agreement errors are very common among second language learners. Even academics make mistakes in subject verb agreement in their academic papers. Flowerdew (2001) mentioned that subject verb agreement as one of the common errors in papers submitted by non-native writers of English. (Ting, Mahanita Mahadhir Chang, 2010) Hence, it is not surprising to find that the most common error made by the students in this study is subject verb agreement. Error Correct Form According to sports injuries statistics of 2009, the highest number of sport injuries reported was soccer which is then followed by rugby and basketball. According to sports injuries statistics of 2009, the highest number of sport injuries reported was soccer which was then followed by rugby and basketball. We can also have serious injuries where we get knocked out like in rugby and end up in the hospital. We can also have serious injuries where we got knocked out like in rugby and ended up in the hospital. Warm muscles are less susceptible to injuries. Warmed muscles are less susceptible to injuries. The table shown the number of sport injuries in soccer is higher than the other sports. The table shows that the number of sport injuries in soccer is higher than the other sports. It follows by rugby that has the second highest percentage. It is followed by rugby that has the second highest percentage. Table 3: Examples of errors on tenses Next is the error on tenses, whereby 13 out of 22 students made errors on tenses. Saadiyah Darus and Khor (2009) examined the four most common errors in writings of form 1 Chinese students and they found that errors on tense are the second highest total number of errors in the study after mechanics of writing. They found that the result is not surprising because the English notion of tense is something confusing to second language learners. This is because, in Chinese and Bahasa Malaysia, there is no indication of time in their verbs as compared to English that has present, past, future and continuous tenses. Besides that, it can also be assumed that some students are not aware of the different rules of tenses application. (Saadiyah Darus Kaladevi Subramaniam, 2009) Another reason might be because in Chinese and Bahasa Malaysia, words are added before the verb to show the time of the action. (Ting, Mahanita Mahadhir Chang, 2010) Hence, students have problems in constructing sentenc es with correct tenses. Wee (2009) found that Asian students tend to use the stem forms of the verbs in all contexts regardless of their tense. This is because Bahasa Malaysia does not have any linguistic device like verb inflections to show past time. So, the Malay students often use the stem of forms of the verbs in order to simplify the target language rules and reduce their linguistic burden or learning load (Wee, 2009). Warmed muscles are less susceptible to injuries in Bahasa Malaysia would be Otot-otot yang telah panas tidak mudah mengalami kecederaan. The word telah shows the tense of the sentence in Bahasa Malaysia whereas in English, we need to add the suffix -ed to show the past tense of the sentence. Therefore, the subjects will usually omit the tense because they do not know when to add the suffix -ed. Error Correct Form We can prevent injuries if we be in a proper physical condition when playing a sport. We can prevent injuries if we are in a proper physical condition when playing a sport. Frequent training and conditioning can prove useful in a long run. Frequent training and conditioning proven to be useful in a long run. The first way to prevent sport injuries is be in proper physical condition to play a sport. The first way to prevent sport injuries is to be in proper physical condition to play a sport. The athletes should had properly train for the sport. The athletes should be trained properly for the sport. Table 4: Examples of errors on auxiliary Results show that many students have problems in using the appropriate auxiliary in their compositions. They often used the wrong form of modals. For example, the majority of the students wrote We can prevent injuries if we be in a proper physical condition when playing a sport instead of We can prevent injuries if we are in a proper physical condition when playing a sport. This shows that many students did not know the proper use of auxiliary verb. Ali Akbar Khansir (2008) investigated syntactic errors in English committed by Indian undergraduates and he found that errors on auxiliary were the second highest error committed by his subjects. His study revealed that there is a lack of knowledge of auxiliary verb rules among his subjects. Error Correct Form For example, in rugby we must wear a mouth guards to prevent our mouth or teeth from injuries. For example, in rugby we must wear a mouth guard to prevent our mouth or teeth from injuries. A sportsmen can do this by doing regular exercises, eating proper food and doing regular practice. A sportsman can do this by doing regular exercises, eating proper food and doing regular practices. These safety gear such as ball guards, helmets and etc are designed to prevent injuries. These safety gears such as ball guards, helmets and etc are designed to prevent injuries. There are many reason they got injured. There are many reasons they got injured. This is because most of the athlete did not warm up before playing. This is because most of the athletes did not warm up before playing. Table 5: Examples of errors on singular/plurals Ten students made errors on singular and plurals. Most of them do not know when to apply the suffix -s when it is a plural noun. This might be due to the absence of plural marker for a noun in Bahasa Malaysia. (Saadiyah Darus Kaladevi Subramaniam, 2009) Some students might be aware of the existence of singular and plural nouns, but probably they are confused on when they should use singular or plural nouns. For example, There are many reasons they got injured when translated into Bahasa Malaysia will be Terdapat banyak punca mereka cedera. In Bahasa Malaysia, the word banyak indicates many, so banyak punca means many reasons. However, in English, we must apply the suffix -s to show that there are many reasons. Error Correct Form During the year 2009, the highest number of sport injuries was soccer. In the year 2009, the highest number of sport injuries was soccer. For the conclusion, there are many ways to prevent injuries when we are playing sports. In conclusion, there are many ways to prevent injuries when we are playing sports. For example, our countrys famous national football player, Mokhtar Dahari, retired in his football career at such a young age because of his calf injury. For example, our countrys famous national football player, Mokhtar Dahari, retired from his football career at such a young age because of his calf injury. Last but not least, avoid playing when you are in tired or in pain. Last but not least, avoid playing when you are tired or in pain. Sports can be divided to many categories such as indoor sports, outdoor sports and aquatic sports. Sports can be divided into many categories such as indoor sports, outdoor sports and aquatic sports. Table 6: Examples of errors on preposition Error on preposition is the least error made by the students. Only eight out of 22 students made errors on preposition. Error on preposition happens might be because of the interference of students L1 and Bahasa Malaysia. This is because some of the prepositions in Mandarin and Bahasa Malaysia have similar meanings and functions with the prepositions in English. Hence, students might be confused on which preposition to be uses in their writing because sometimes a preposition in Bahasa Malaysia can be translated into different English prepositions. (Saadiyah Darus Khor, 2009) Ting and colleagues (2010) examined university students grammatical errors in spoken English and they found that, their subjects made the most mistakes in preposition and this indicates that the subjects are uncertain of the correct usage of the prepositions in the appropriate settings. The same problem occurs in students writings because the students are uncertain of the correct usage of the prepositions. Summary According to the data collected, 14 students made errors on subject verb agreement, 13 on tenses, 10 on auxiliary, 10 on singular/plural verb and 8 on prepositions. The reasons students made these errors might be due to the influence of their mother tongue or first language. Another reason might be because the subjects are confused with the rules of grammar usage. Every Form four student in the Malaysian education system follows the same English language syllabus provided by the Ministry of Education of Malaysia. The current syllabus has been used since 2003. The syllabus is divided into two sections; the first is Learning Outcomes and Specifications and the second section is Language Content. Under the language content, there is a list of grammatical items that the teacher has to teach in class. They are nouns, articles, adjectives, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, connectors, sentences and punctuation. So, every grammatical item is covered under the syllabus but the subjects still have problems with the grammar rules. Therefore, students should be made aware of the grammar rules and the teachers should make sure their students know how the grammar rules and apply them in their writings. There are some limitations in this study. First, the students were selected based on their proficiency and not based on ethnicity, so it is not easy to determine whether students mother tongue or first language influence the students command of English. Secondly, students compositions should be marked by more than one marker so that the result will be more reliable. Thirdly, this study was conducted in an urban secondary school where English is used widely in the community. So, the result of the study does not indicate that all students in Malaysia commit the same errors and have the same reasons behind the errors. Thus, this study can be improved by taking these factors into consideration. Conclusion In conclusion, by referring to previous studies and the results of the data collected, most students in Malaysia commit syntactic errors in their written compositions. Hence, teachers play an important role in teaching the students the correct forms of the language. They can incorporate grammar lessons into their English lessons and device interesting games and exercises to teach their students grammar. Many students and teachers acknowledge the fact that grammar lessons are boring and most teachers will try to avoid grammar lessons because the students are not interested in learning them. However, if teachers are able to device interesting lesson plans for their grammar lessons, students will be very interested and will participate actively in class.

light pollution Essay -- essays research papers

Light pollution happened slowly at first which was several decades ago it was a process that was hardly noticeable. A light here, a light there, burning way into the dark nighttime realm, helping us see in the darkness when people all their our beds fast asleep. The process still continues today, with little thought ever given to what we are stealing away. Our intentions are good but our methods need adjustment, and they needs to be done immediately. In fact, our methods should have been changed years ago, but nearly everyone has resisted, perhaps due to a profound lack of awareness. The use of too many lights at night can cause environmental pollution, known as light pollution. Light pollution can block our ability to see the original shining stars, which can affect people’s discoveries in astronomy. But since the lights are also very important for us at night when we are driving or walking alone on a street, I think there are certainly some solutions for protecting our natu ral environment while we can also use the lights at the same time. To admire the beautiful stars in the sky instead of looking at it in a picture, we can start to save energy resources by cutting off some unnecessary lights such as commercial building lights, outdoor residential lights, and by using shielded light to reduce the amount of light that we use in certain areas. Light pollution is when sky glow produced by the scattering of artificial light caused by the poor quality of outdoor lighting (Nakata) causing too much wasted light dispersed upwards. Therefore recent studies show that â€Å"Nationally, more than 30% of the electricity generated for outdoor illumination is simply squandered by being misdirected into the sky. That comes to 4.5 billion dollars annually† (Lipsitz) for the electricity generated to send light into the sky and across property lines where it serves no benefit. Wasted light sent to the sky needlessly and seriously affects scientific research today for professional and amateur astronomers along with some NASA research. Astronauts have complained about this problem for years. Astronomical observatories are closing down because they can no longer see enough celestial objects to justify continuing their funding or research. For example, the Hubble telescope’s research is interrupted by light pollution, it was affe cted so much that astronomers did not get to see certa... ... studded with tiny points of light coming from countless miles away will return again where they belong, where they have always been since the dawn of time itself, and where they should remain for countless generations to come† (Haas,). Starting from today, we can do a little to help protecting our homeland that everybody shares, and give the chances to see the real stars in the future. Work Cited Page Lipsitz, Joshua D. â€Å"Preliminary results of an Internet survey.† Light pollution (13 Feb. 2001): 26 Mullen, Rutledge M. and Swain S. Modeling the Process of Science: Investigating the effects of light pollution. Tennessee: Middle Tennessee State University, 1987. Nakata, Goshima K. â€Å"Despite light.† Journal of the Galaxy. 23.4 (1997): 897-907 â€Å"Shields to make light work of city pollution.† Nature 416: 6879 (28 Mar.2002): 358-364 Nadis, Steve. â€Å"Biologists join drive to turn down the lights.† Nature 419: 6910 (31Oct. 2002): 868 Rao, Joe. â€Å"A clean, well-lighted planet.† Natural History 106:7 (Sep. 97): 70 Wainwright, Martin. â€Å"Bright lights do not deter criminals.† The Guardian (21 Nov. 2003): 14 Haas, Cliff. â€Å"Where has the night sky gone, and why should we care?†(Apr. 2000): 282 light pollution Essay -- essays research papers Light pollution happened slowly at first which was several decades ago it was a process that was hardly noticeable. A light here, a light there, burning way into the dark nighttime realm, helping us see in the darkness when people all their our beds fast asleep. The process still continues today, with little thought ever given to what we are stealing away. Our intentions are good but our methods need adjustment, and they needs to be done immediately. In fact, our methods should have been changed years ago, but nearly everyone has resisted, perhaps due to a profound lack of awareness. The use of too many lights at night can cause environmental pollution, known as light pollution. Light pollution can block our ability to see the original shining stars, which can affect people’s discoveries in astronomy. But since the lights are also very important for us at night when we are driving or walking alone on a street, I think there are certainly some solutions for protecting our natu ral environment while we can also use the lights at the same time. To admire the beautiful stars in the sky instead of looking at it in a picture, we can start to save energy resources by cutting off some unnecessary lights such as commercial building lights, outdoor residential lights, and by using shielded light to reduce the amount of light that we use in certain areas. Light pollution is when sky glow produced by the scattering of artificial light caused by the poor quality of outdoor lighting (Nakata) causing too much wasted light dispersed upwards. Therefore recent studies show that â€Å"Nationally, more than 30% of the electricity generated for outdoor illumination is simply squandered by being misdirected into the sky. That comes to 4.5 billion dollars annually† (Lipsitz) for the electricity generated to send light into the sky and across property lines where it serves no benefit. Wasted light sent to the sky needlessly and seriously affects scientific research today for professional and amateur astronomers along with some NASA research. Astronauts have complained about this problem for years. Astronomical observatories are closing down because they can no longer see enough celestial objects to justify continuing their funding or research. For example, the Hubble telescope’s research is interrupted by light pollution, it was affe cted so much that astronomers did not get to see certa... ... studded with tiny points of light coming from countless miles away will return again where they belong, where they have always been since the dawn of time itself, and where they should remain for countless generations to come† (Haas,). Starting from today, we can do a little to help protecting our homeland that everybody shares, and give the chances to see the real stars in the future. Work Cited Page Lipsitz, Joshua D. â€Å"Preliminary results of an Internet survey.† Light pollution (13 Feb. 2001): 26 Mullen, Rutledge M. and Swain S. Modeling the Process of Science: Investigating the effects of light pollution. Tennessee: Middle Tennessee State University, 1987. Nakata, Goshima K. â€Å"Despite light.† Journal of the Galaxy. 23.4 (1997): 897-907 â€Å"Shields to make light work of city pollution.† Nature 416: 6879 (28 Mar.2002): 358-364 Nadis, Steve. â€Å"Biologists join drive to turn down the lights.† Nature 419: 6910 (31Oct. 2002): 868 Rao, Joe. â€Å"A clean, well-lighted planet.† Natural History 106:7 (Sep. 97): 70 Wainwright, Martin. â€Å"Bright lights do not deter criminals.† The Guardian (21 Nov. 2003): 14 Haas, Cliff. â€Å"Where has the night sky gone, and why should we care?†(Apr. 2000): 282

Prejudice on to kill a mockingbird 1 Essay

Prejudice is a negative aspect of society that has unfavorably affected many different people. In the novel, racial prejudice is evident but there are more types of prejudice on the novel. We said that racial prejudice is evident because in the novel a black man (Tom Robinson) was caused from raping a woman named Mayella Ewell and therefore had to go to trial. There were many points of view with regard to the case of Tom Robinson, but of course all influenced by prejudice because the color of Tom. The people of Maycomb town thought that Tom was guilty. Atticus and children (Scout, Jem, and Dill) thought that he was innocent. When we read this we can see that the prejudice is an important theme in the novel. For this reason it is necessary to make an analysis of this topic. People of Maycomb town always knew what the verdict of the trial was going to be (the judicial system was full of prejudice), even though some of them deep down knew that Tom was innocent, he don’t rape Mayella. [1]. Maycomb, like most small southern towns, has a problem with widespread racism (type of prejudice) toward African American people. As Maycomb was a small town with little or no new residents, people living there formed prejudices about various families over the generations. Social prejudice in Maycomb caused families to be stereotyped, which had a negative impact on members of those various families as it caused their character to become ‘fixed’ just by their household name. It also had a negative impact on the individual residents of Maycomb, causing them to have unequal treatment. An example of this prejudice is the rejection attitude of the town to Boo Radley, only because he is a Radley . Prejudice in To Kill a Mockingbird can be categorized into three forms, social prejudice, racial prejudice and gender prejudice.

Brazilian Government essays

Brazilian Government essays Brazil has established a federal republic government, which contains 26 states and one federal district. These states are Acre, Alagoas, Amapa, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceara, Distrito Federal (federal district), Espirito Santo, Goias, Marabhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para, Paraiba, Parana, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondonia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Sergipe, and Tocantins. On September 7, 1822 Brazil gained it independence from Portugal. It then established its first of constitution on March 25, 1824. Brazil has had eight constitutions since its independence in 1822. The republican constitution publicized on February 24, 1891, this was very similar to the United States constitution, containing separation of powers, checks and balances, a bicameral legislature, federalism, and direct elections. The ideas of corporatism and centralization from Italy and Portugal influenced the 1934 and 1937 constitutions. Brazil then returned to a representative democracy in 1945-46 and produced a more balanced, liberal document, which maintained a considerable role for the state in the nations economy. Military rule after 1964 forced an unequal balance between relative democracy and the safeguards of a national security state, reflected in the 1967 and 1969 constitutions. At the current time an attempt to thoroughly revise the 1988 constitution was begun in February 1995. Some members of both houses would like to use he 1998 elections to again convoke a constitutional revision Congress in 1999, t o do a revision by a unicameral, absolute majority. Brazil has a government with three major branches: Executive branch, Legislative branch, and Judicial branch. In the executive branch Brazils chief of state is now President Fernando Henrique Cardoso, since January 5, 1995; with Vice President Marco Maciel a ...

The Knights Hospitaller of St. John of Jerusalem

The Knights Hospitaller of St. John of Jerusalem In the mid-11th century, a Benedictine abbey was established in Jerusalem by merchants from Amalfi. About 30 years later, a hospital was founded next to the abbey to care for sick and poor pilgrims. After the success of the First Crusade  in 1099, Brother Gerard (or Gerald), the hospitals superior, expanded the hospital and set up additional hospitals along the route to the Holy Land. On February 15, 1113, the order was formally named the Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem and recognized in a papal bull issued by Pope Paschal II. The Knights  Hospitaller were also known as Hospitalers, the Order of Malta, the Knights of Malta. From 1113 to 1309 they were known as the Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem; from 1309 to 1522 they went by the Order of the Knights of Rhodes; from 1530 to 1798 they were the Sovereign and Military Order of the Knights of Malta; from 1834 to 1961 they were the Knights Hospitaller of St. John of Jerusalem; and from 1961 to the present they are formally known as the Sovereign Military and Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes, and of Malta. Hospitaller Knights In 1120, Raymond de Puy (a.k.a. Raymond of Provence) succeeded Gerard as leader of the order. He replaced the Benedictine Rule with the Augustinian Rule and actively began to build up the orders power base, helping the organization to acquire lands and wealth. Possibly inspired by the Templars, the Hospitallers began to take up arms in order to protect pilgrims as well as tend their illnesses and injuries. Hospitaller Knights were still monks and continued to follow their vows of personal poverty, obedience, and celibacy. The order also included chaplains and brothers who did not take up arms. Relocations of the Hospitallers The shifting fortunes of the western Crusaders would also affect the Hospitallers. In 1187, when Saladin captured Jerusalem, the Hospitaller Knights moved their headquarters to Margat, then to Acre ten years later. With the fall of Acre in 1291 they moved to Limassol in Cyprus. The Knights of Rhodes In 1309 the Hospitallers acquired the island of Rhodes. The grand master of the order, who was elected for life (if confirmed by the pope), ruled Rhodes as an independent state, minting coins and exercising other rights of sovereignty. When the Knights of the Temple were dispersed, some surviving Templars joined the ranks at Rhodes. The knights were now more warrior than hospitaller, though they remained a monastic brotherhood. Their activities included naval warfare; they armed ships and set off after Muslim pirates, and took revenge on Turkish merchants with piracy of their own. The Knights of Malta In 1522 the Hospitaller control of Rhodes came to an end with a six-month siege by Turkish leader Suleyman the Magnificent. The Knights capitulated on January 1, 1523, and left the island with those citizens who chose to accompany them. The Hospitallers were without a base until 1530, when Holy Roman emperor Charles V arranged for them to occupy the Maltese archipelago. Their presence was conditional; the most notable agreement was the presentation of a falcon to the emperors viceroy of Sicily every year. In 1565, grand master Jean Parisot de la Valette exhibited superb leadership when he stopped Suleyman the Magnificent from dislodging the Knights from their Maltese headquarters. Six years later, in 1571, a combined fleet of the Knights of Malta and several European powers virtually destroyed the Turkish navy at the Battle of Lepanto. The Knights built a new capital of Malta in honor of la Valette, which they named Valetta, where they constructed grand defenses and a hospital that attracted patients from far beyond Malta. The Last Relocation of the Knights Hospitaller The Hospitallers had returned to their original purpose. Over the centuries they gradually gave up warfare in favor of medical care and territorial administration. Then, in 1798, they lost Malta  when Napoleon  occupied the island on the way to Egypt. For a short time they returned under the auspices of the Treaty of Amiens (1802), but when the 1814 Treaty of Paris gave the archipelago to Britain, the Hospitallers left once more. They at last settled permanently in Rome in 1834. Membership of the Knights Hospitaller Although nobility was not required to join the monastic order, it was required to be a Hospitaller Knight. As time went on this requirement grew more strict, from proving nobility of both parents to that of all grandparents for four generations. A variety of knightly classifications evolved to accommodate lesser knights and those who gave up their vows to marry, yet remained affiliated with the order. Today, only Roman Catholics may become Hospitallers, and the governing knights must prove the nobility of their four grandparents for two centuries. The Hospitallers Today After 1805 the order was led by lieutenants until the office of Grand Master was restored by Pope Leo XIII in 1879. In 1961 a new constitution was adopted in which the orders religious and the sovereign status was precisely defined. Although the order no longer governs any territory, it does issue passports, and it is recognized as a sovereign nation by the Vatican and some Catholic European nations.

Opening Up Of a Day Care Center Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Opening Up Of a Day Care Center - Essay Example This paper illustrates that some businesses specify the ages of children they can handle. If both parents are working, who will take care of the children? Child care center is the valuable instrument for child’s development because they learn social skills and gain the appreciation for education at an early age. According to research, brains of children grow faster during the first five years of their life. These facts dramatize the need for a daycare center to answer the growing needs of parents and children. As the number of parents entering the workforce grows, the amount available and quality child care facilities in many parts of USA becomes inadequate. In particular, this daycare center is proposed to be a home-based business and will take care of 4 to 10 children who will come on a whole day basis and another 10 toddlers who will also come as drop-ins. A portion of our house will be remodeled for the daycare business. It will be a modest start of operation since my capi tal is limited. The center is open from 6:00 am. to 8:00 pm. for 365 days a year. This time coincides with business hours of employment. The operation will be whole year round, because of parent’s time requirement. Parents can drop their children before going to work, and then pick them up in the afternoon. The daycare center can also accept half day caring to accommodate the schedule of busy parents. Come-ons for children will be the children inspired decorations of the nursery, or maybe children’s toys or books. A contract will be issued that covers the guidelines of the school so parents will understand the responsibility of the school and its limitations. The picture in the paper is a sample of a daycare center that is proposed. Pricing guideline is $100-200 week per child, $30-40 per day for infant care, and $20, and $30 for a full day. Since this guideline was done in 1993, pricing will necessarily adjust for costs of inflation, say, 10%.

Longitudinal Strategic Development Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Longitudinal Strategic Development Study - Essay Example Most of these strategies were put in place and implemented not more than twenty (25) years ago. Among other things, Sony has seen results from strategies such corporate restructuring, recreation of products, and invention of new technology. Corporate restructuring is an important component to determine the success of any company. It is more of a managerial strategy than a marketing strategy. In the view of Trevor (2011), â€Å"Corporate restructuring is a term used to denote a companys reorganisation at the highest corporate level. This can also include legal status, ownership, operational, and financial restructuring to improve profitability and provide better organisation for the present and/or prepared for market changes.† Tatum (2011) posits that â€Å"Restructuring a corporate entity is often a necessity when the company has grown to the point that the original structure can no longer efficiently manage the output and general interests of the company.† To buttress the advantages are the procedure and reason for undertaking such corporate restructuring. In the case of Sony consumer electronics, restructuring has been going on every now and then for the past 25 years. The focus has mostly been to shake up the working staff and executives of the company to ensure that the right people are at the right place, doing the right thing. For instance in 1995, the company under a major restructuring in it topmost position by naming a new president, Nobuyuki Idei, a man who was only 34-years at the time. This move saw a lot of growth in Sony because Idei had served in the company for a very long time. Another massive corporate restructuring that took place in the company took place in the year 2003. This restructuring started with the laying off of staff – another bitter decision to take in corporate government. In all, Christman &

Identify and discuss three social changes that would need in the Essay

Identify and discuss three social changes that would need in the United States to move toward being a more peaceful(non-violent) - Essay Example The people are not supposed to be each other’s enemies (Vesterman, 2007). First, US must vigorously pursue its diplomatic relations with the Arab world and develop a relation of collaboration and partnership for global economic concerns and amity in relations. The past decades proved that United States has been hostile to countries where perceived terrorist groups are existing and where leaders are inclined to violate denuclearization efforts of the United Nations. The global conditions require that venues for dialogue, interaction, and interfaith discourse be internationalized as inherent not only in diplomatic relations but also in the development of amity of nations to attain global peace. Second, the United States must pursue cultural discourse with the rest of the global community to fully appreciate the diversity and multicultural dimension of the global village. This can take place in both online and non-online settings where open communication is possible and where soc io-cultural exchanges can be undertaken. This cultural nobility can be integrated as a policy in security management. As US, like its other global alliances, use the military forces in the intervention programs to conflict-affected communities and in regions where reconstruction or rehabilitation is undertaken, the forces should likewise be trained and educated to promote cultural respect and sensitivities to improve US international relations. This can likewise assuage the creation of leeway for economic exchanges where US has interest for trading, especially in oil production. At the domestic level, rigorous transformative policy formulation and enforcement should be undertaken with primacy on providing strategic resolution to domestic issues on job creation, social services delivery, provision of support to communities affected by climate changes (on reconstruction and rehabilitation) and engaging communities for resiliency. It is likewise paramount that the US must focus on the problems of immigration and encourage their return to their original countries to reduce the risks and vulnerabilities of domestic economy as their influx also added to the problems of unfriendly relations, poor social cohesion, and internal conflicts of interests (Malcom X, 1964). Anent thereto, the government should realize that social changes are necessary to attain a positive social changes where individuals and non-government participation is fully appreciated in nurturing world peace and social cohesion. In the historic epoch of civilizations, only peaceful discourse, negotiations, and open interaction can create an environment of peace that could encourage development workers and stakeholders to come together and discuss their situations to advance it at a higher level of relations (Vesterman, 2007). Violence and wars out of conflict of interests created losses and even its strategic resolution can only be created in the same path for peace. For peace can only be attained thr ough peaceful means notwithstanding the fact that politics have showed the need for peoples, as stakeholders, to take part in social transformation to make it effective and reflective of its dreams or aspirations as peoples (Vesterman, 2007; Malcom X,

Promoting effective communication Essay Example for Free

Promoting effective communication Essay There are a number of factors to consider when promoting effective communication. When using verbal communication with patients it is important to speak looking at them, speaking slowly and clearly and using simple language,. It is important to note that when working with patients with learning disabilities we have made sure they have understood what I have said. When speaking with colleagues or professionals the language I use can be more complex and often I will speak faster however most factors remain the same, it is still important that information given verbally is clear and concise. An example of this is when this is when I have mentored new staff I make sure I talk over everything slowly and clearly and I also get then to repeat some of that information back to show they have understood. Verbally communicating in this way will differ dependant on weather I am talking on a one to one basis or to a group. If I am talking to a group I must remember to address everyone and not exclude anyone. When using non-verbal communication there are many different factors to consider. For example, if I am slummed back in a chair, it may show that I am not interested in the conversation. Eye contact is also very important as this can show that I am engaged in the conversation, other things to consider would be hand gestures, body language and facial expressions, for example, if I frown or have my arms folded I may give a negative impression. Finally it is important to remember that for effective communication to take place it involves both parties to be engaged. Being able to listen well is vital in a two way conversations.

Free College Admissions Essays: Success :: College Admissions Essays

Success "Success is counted sweetest/By those who ne'er succeed" Emily Dickinson Since the beginning of my life I have been studying. In the early years of my childhood I didn't quite understand what my role was all about. I always wondered why is it that I have to go to school everyday even on Saturday because my mom said that it is good to be around smart people. When I was growing up I found the answer by myself. I started to understand when I was eight years old. I began to see school as the place to get knowledge this that my parents cant teach me at home. I also saw (and actually see) School as a place to play, have positive thoughts and enjoy life without forget about class and what society is expecting from us, and to socialize to have good friends, friends that care and have the same interest in success as I do. Now being 18 years old I know a lot more of myself. I can make and I have made decisions that really have a direct effect on me. Three years ago I decided do my best at scho ol to have a good high school education and make myself better every day. Since I am in love with my school I have accomplish many thing like doing extracurricular activities. On March 1998 I joined United Talents a group of student that help the Parents Association to organize activities. We use to dance our Dominican Republic folk music for our parents and make each presentation more enjoyable for them each time. Actually I am participating in a lot of activities, which are the chess club, yearbook as staff and photographer, swimming pool taking a course to be a lifeguard and helping in the computer lab. In the chess club as I heard I will be elected as a vice-president of the club do to the fact that I have accomplish fine in the city tournaments (every last Sunday of each month). The yearbook is very interesting for me because I like taking pictures and Mrs. Serrano gave me a workshop working as a photographer which I enjoy a lot. Those pictures I take go to the yearbook staff a nd they decide what to add to the school year book. In the computer lab, I use to help because I have some experience using computers. Free College Admissions Essays: Success :: College Admissions Essays Success "Success is counted sweetest/By those who ne'er succeed" Emily Dickinson Since the beginning of my life I have been studying. In the early years of my childhood I didn't quite understand what my role was all about. I always wondered why is it that I have to go to school everyday even on Saturday because my mom said that it is good to be around smart people. When I was growing up I found the answer by myself. I started to understand when I was eight years old. I began to see school as the place to get knowledge this that my parents cant teach me at home. I also saw (and actually see) School as a place to play, have positive thoughts and enjoy life without forget about class and what society is expecting from us, and to socialize to have good friends, friends that care and have the same interest in success as I do. Now being 18 years old I know a lot more of myself. I can make and I have made decisions that really have a direct effect on me. Three years ago I decided do my best at scho ol to have a good high school education and make myself better every day. Since I am in love with my school I have accomplish many thing like doing extracurricular activities. On March 1998 I joined United Talents a group of student that help the Parents Association to organize activities. We use to dance our Dominican Republic folk music for our parents and make each presentation more enjoyable for them each time. Actually I am participating in a lot of activities, which are the chess club, yearbook as staff and photographer, swimming pool taking a course to be a lifeguard and helping in the computer lab. In the chess club as I heard I will be elected as a vice-president of the club do to the fact that I have accomplish fine in the city tournaments (every last Sunday of each month). The yearbook is very interesting for me because I like taking pictures and Mrs. Serrano gave me a workshop working as a photographer which I enjoy a lot. Those pictures I take go to the yearbook staff a nd they decide what to add to the school year book. In the computer lab, I use to help because I have some experience using computers.

Corporate Strategy of Tesco

{draw:frame} An evaluation of Tesco’s competitive position within the food industry market. Corporate strategy ASB-4004. December the 14th 2009. Shahbaz Ansari- abpa40, 500 200603 Word count- 3300 excluding references, appendices, and tables. Contents page Introduction P3 History P3 Business strategy P3 Corporate strategy P3 Company values P3 Value chain P4 Joint Ventures and Mergers and Acquisitions P4 PESTEL analysis P5 Competitors P7 Figure 1: Tesco’s main competitors P7 Figure 2: Ansoff matrix for Tesco’s marketing strategy P8 Figure 3: Tesco’s sub-bran poisition in the United Kingdom P9 Figure 4: Tesco’s competition in the UK P10 Figure 5: Tesco’s internal competition P10 Core competencies P11 Human Resource P12 Recommendations P13 Conclusions P14 References P15 Appendices P17 Appendix 1: Retail Competitors Analysis by Mintel P17 Appendix 2: Leading UK food retailers, market shares, 2008 P18 Appendix 3: Tesco UK store formats, 2008/09 P 19 Introduction The company that our group has chosen to analyse is Tesco. Tesco was founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen who began his new venture by selling surplus groceries from a stall in the east end of London; One his first day he made ? 1 profit and ? 4 of sales (Tescoplc. com [history]). Tesco has come a long way since then and is now one of the largest food retailers in the world, operating around 2,318 stores and employing over 326,000 people. Not only has Tesco managed to monopolise the food sector, they have also diversified into a number of other sectors, some of which being insurance, mobile networks, clothing, and electronics. However, this report shall have a focus of the food sector in the United Kingdom. Albeit that Tesco has 2,200 stores locally, it is categorised as operating in a globalised environment. Currently Tesco has stores in seven European countries; the United Kingdom, Poland, Hungary, Turkey, Slovakia, Czech Republic, and the Republic of Ireland. Furthermore also operates in Asia, stores can be found in China, Malaysia, Japan, Korea, Thailand, and Taiwan (Tescoplc. com [community plan]; Tescoplc. com [core UK]). The long term business strategy of Tesco is currently fivefold; to be a successful international retailer; to grow the core UK business; to be as strong in the non-food arena as the food arena; to develop retailing services- such as tesco. com, Telecoms, and Tesco personal finance; and to put community at the heart of what they do (Tescopl. com [long term strategy]). How Tesco chose to implement the corporate strategy is via a steering wheel model; that all of the key elements of the business, customers, operations, people, finance, and community, are dealt with an equal and balanced scorecard (Tescoplc. om [CR strategy]). It has been stated by Tesco that the steering wheel has been implemented to place emphasis on the fact that corporate responsibility is not a specialist function in Tesco, it is a part of everybody’s job every day (Tescoplc. com [CR strategy]). Tesco works off the business value that their â€Å"core purpose is to create value for customers to earn their li fetime loyalty† (Tescoplc. com [our values]). Great emphasis is placed within â€Å"people†, without their customers and employees Tesco’s success would not have been possible. For the remainder of this report the variables that can affect Tesco’s competitive advantage shall be considered and evaluated. Value chain When considering the value chain of Tesco there are a number of primary variables that can either add value (+), lose value (-), or have the potential to add value (P+). For the primary activities; Inbound logistics These have an integral importance in the creation of the value chain as they provide the earliest opportunity to create value, therefore because of the elements related to the logistics Tesco try to achieve and maintain the level of consumer choice in store (+). The efficiency of distribution system of Tesco does need to be improved (+), and the quality control system should be managed by the company efficiently so that the cost of losses are not imposed upon the customers (P+). Operations Tesco’s core operations are service orientated and these services involve opening and closing the store, shelf maintenance, and replenishing the stock (+). Outbound logistics The main emphasis for this stage in the chain is delivering the product to the customer (+), the customer service that is provided (+) and the implementation of the trolley service which is convenient for the customer (+). Marketing and sales The Tesco Clubcard gives discounts and provides loyalty to customers (+), selling healthy and environmentally friendly products (+), and Tesco’s advertisements and new policies on using recycled products to help Tesco come â€Å"carbon free by 2050† (+). Joint Ventures and mergers and acquisitions In 2008, Tesco made an agreement with the Royal Bank of Scotland to buy 50% of their shareholding. This allowed Tesco to build up Tesco Personal Finance. Tesco currently offer financial products such as home insurance and a credit card. However, Tesco wishes to offer a full service retail bank. The reason for wanting to embark on this new venture is because owning its own bank would not just increase Tesco’s revenue, it would also attract new customers and provide a further service for its existing loyal customers, which other competitors do not offer (REFERENCE PLEASE YOUNG). In 1999 a French hypermarket chain named â€Å"Carrefour† tried to enter the Korean market but it failed. This was due to the fact that the Korean population had a preference for domestic supermarket chains, which this was not as the owners failed to localise the store (REFERENCE PLEASE YOUNG). Interestingly Tesco attempted to enter the South Korean market in 1999 as a joint venture with Samsung. It was named â€Å"Samsung Homeplus Tesco† and was extremely successful due to the recognition by the Koreans that it was a domestic retailer. By joining forces with a Korean business Tesco was given an instant competitive advantage and the opportunity to thrive: â€Å"it has now become one of Koreas leading retailers and there are currently 30 hypermarkets and two super express stores† (Kollewe, 2004). Finally, in 2008 Tesco acquired a Korean supermarket chain named Homever which was owned by the E-land group in Korea. Tesco paid ? 958 million to take over the 36 stores that the group owned (Walker, 2008). The takeover will not only increase Tesco’s revenue, in a country that they have already been successful in, but will also enable Tesco to gain knowledge of the Far East and Asian markets through merging the two companies, this hopefully should enable them to be just as successful within these new markets. PESTEL analysis for Tesco Political Due to operating in a global environment, Tesco is largely influenced by the political and legislative conditions of these countries, as well as the European Union enforcing governing rules. The government legislation for employment encourages retailers to provide work for a variant of people, ranging from flexible, lowered paid, and locally based jobs to highly skilled, highly paid, and centrally-located jobs (Balchin, 1994). This piece of legislation also allows for the various demographics to be given work opportunities, such as students, senior citizens, disabled people, people from various ethnic backgrounds, and working parents. This gives Tesco a competitive advantage as it produces loyal employees. Economical The recession has caused the unemployment level in the United Kingdom to soar over 28. 93 million (Office for national statistics). As economical factors are likely to influence demand, cost, price, and profits, these figures should make Tesco’s management feel particularly apprehensive. Although Tescos international business does bring in a high amount of profit, they are still largely dependent on the UK market. If the unemployment rates continue to soar, the slowdown of the UK food market could have a severely detrimental effect on Tesco’s. Social British customers have become â€Å"one stop† shoppers. Due to this movement, Tesco has been able to successfully diversify their company into a range of different markets. One can now not only buy their weekly shop but can purchase personal insurance, electronic goods, clothing, and a range of other products from Tesco. com. Technological This particular variable of the macro-environment has helped to develop many of Tesco’s products and has not only been indicative of the company’s satisfaction but also that of the customer’s. Due to services such as Tesco. om, the self checkout service and the Tesco Clubcard, the customer satisfaction levels have increased due to more personalised shopping, goods that are readily available, and convenience. However, due to the modern use of technology, it does allow for job cuts as face to face services have been replaced. Environmental Tesco has put in place measures to ensure that their company helps in the fight to l ower carbon emissions. Their challenge is to achieve a 30% reduction of the carbon impact of the Tesco’s supply chain by 2020 and to become a zero carbon business by 2050 (Tescoplc. om [Press release, 2009]). Implementations in the forms of using green clubcard points in order to encourage environmentally friendly, carbon conscious purchasing; the â€Å"buy one get one free later† scheme, that allows customers to acquire their free product at a later date to reduce waste; and are striving to reduce packaging, reduced carrier bag use, and increase recycling, this year alone they have reduced carrier bag usage by 53% (Tescopl. com [Press release, 2009]). Legal There are certain government legislatives and policies that Tescos have to abide by and have a direct impact on their performance. Bodies such as the Food Retailing Commission (FRC), who prevent companies from demanding payments from suppliers and changing agreed prices without notice. Government policies for monopoly and the reduction of the buyer’s power can limit entry into the sector (Mintel report, 2004). Competitors The market leader of food retailers in UK is Tesco. It has 26. 2% (including non-retail is 31. 5%) market share, 2,115 stores and ? 34,874 million sales (Mintel, Food Retailing, 2008, details in Appendix 1). J Sainsbury which has 823 stores and 13. 5 (16. 5) % market share is in the second position. The third one is Asda group, and it gains 13. (15. 1) % market share with less than half of the Sainsbury stores number. The forth player in food retailing market is Wm Morrison Group which holds 9. 5(11. 7) % market share. â€Å"The top four account for 63% of all food retailers’ sales (after adjusting for fuel sales) and dominate the market for main food shopping. (Mintel, Food Reta iling, 2008)† â€Å"British supermarkets are typically evaluated by potential customers by two sets of criteria: the perceived price levels charged and the quality of service offered interns of range of goods, quality of merchandise, opening hours, and store environment (Bradley, 2003). {draw:g} Figure 1: Tesco’s main competitors adapted from Mintel report, 2009, (see appendix 1). As Tesco is in the middle of the position map, it has the opportunities to expand its product line to meet the up-market needs, or to have some discount products get the down-market interests, but the competition level in this position is very high. It is necessary to look at how Tesco still hold the No. 1 position in UK food-retailing industry. {draw:g} Figure 2: Ansoff matrix to analyse Tesco’s marketing strategy. Tesco started in the UK food retailing market and the business is maturing. â€Å"Sales density and market share growth are both slowing, and UK space is becoming a smaller part of the whole (Leahy, 2008). † AlthoughTesco will still plan to open more stroes in UK, â€Å"80% will open outside of the UK in 2009 (Mintel, Food Retailing, 2008)†. The opportunities for Tesco are: 1. Taking advantages of the food retailing value chain to continue to grow internationall by market development, and 2. Providing non-food products/services to the loyal customers in food retailing area by product development. Figure 3: Tesco’s sub-bran poisition in the United Kingdom. {draw:g} The above figure summaries the sub-brands of Tesco with two main factors: the customer perceived convenience and the product range (Food vs. Non-food). In order to hold and increase the market share, what Tesco is trying to do is to to set a small number of big stores which could be the best choice to purchase the products when the customer have enough time. Meanwhile, there are more than one thousand express/One Stop stores which could be convenient for the customers daily life purchase. When considering the competitive advantages, our group uses Poter’s â€Å"Five Forces† (1980) to analyze Tesco competition in the UK and international markets. In the UK, Tesco bulits the barriers for new entrants (high fixed cost and difficult to get suppliers), cooperates with local suppliers (strong relationship with farmers), uses Clubcard for retaining customers (Customer loyalty), and in the food retailing there is no specific substitutes. {draw:g} Figure 4: Tesco’s competition in the United Kingdom. draw:g} In the international markets, the situation will be different. Tesco should build relationship with the international suppliers, promote its brand to the international customers, provide products differentiation to avoid the threat from substitutes and potential entrants and compete with the international competitors which may already have strong supplier chains. Figure 5: Tesco internal markets competition. Core competencies There are two issues as the core competencies of Tesco. One is the employees, and another is the customers. The staffs determine the competitiveness through the internal of the business, whereas the customers determine the external environment the profitability of the business† (Kotler and Keller, 2009). Especially, when the business is in the downturn, Tesco needs to spend more time to do the research on how to satisfy the customers better than its competitors’. The ultimate goal of Tesco is to reduce the cost for the customers. Since Asda enter the UK market with the introduction of parity strategy, the main players in supermarkets has faced a fierce competition which based on the low-cost strategy. At that period of time (1980s), some of the main supermarkets had been replaced which was related to a low customer loyalty. People had a wide range of choice with a cheaper price. Until the Clubcard was established, customers have become more relevant to the supermarket. Although a Clubcard itself does not create loyalty, it can be a medium to produce the Tesco points (which can be accumulated and exchange the goods/money within Tesco, source from: Assen, Van den Berg, and Pietersma, 2009). Tesco notice that the total customer satisfaction experience can create the generate loyalty towards ‘a pull strategy’ which is better than a direct promotion that is based on a low-cost products (a push strategy). According to Tesco's annual report, â€Å"In the first 6 months of the club card introduction, without any advertising case, Tesco have achieved about 17% of the â€Å"customer spontaneous usage. † Based on this research, it is obviously to see that a Tesco Clubcard can not only enhance the customers’ loyalties, but also can create a customer relationship management (CRM) for Tesco. Tesco can get the information from CRM and analyze it to find those most valuable customers. On one hand it can reduce the cost and make Tesco to target more efficiently and effectively. On the other hand this may improve the company's service quality and customer satisfaction. Club card activity is successful and remarkable. Customers like these activities, as well as the store managers. It gives the opportunity to create a communication channel for the managers and the customers sharing knowledge. Tesco is trying to treat its customers as â€Å"shareholders†. In addition, Tesco must learn and adjust their marketing strategy to meet their customers’ needs. That means if Tesco can notice the changing of the customers’ needs more quick than its competitors. Their competitors will lose their customers’ satisfaction and this is one of the most important competencies of Tesco, especially the critical successful factor in UK. Human Resource Tescos distinctive strategic resources and assets can be found in its employees. The HR department in Tescos has been strategically integrated in the overall plans; management utilizes HR whenever they are making decisions (Beardwell J. 004). HR department helps in the building of the company through the following: – creating new plans and techniques to measure and reduce labour turnover. It has played a crucial role in aiding diversification into new business sectors. Their slogan ‘Every Little Helps’ is part of their ethos and is also inculcated in the training progr ams offered to their employees (Armstrong, M 2005) Tescos focuses on high commitment through the HR department by incorporating all employees; by discussing its strategic directions. The major challenge to Tescos is ensuring that all employees are aware of the roles assigned and how these various roles and actions can affect the ‘big Tescos picture’ (Whitelock, N. 2003). As a result, training has increased within the organization with high value placed on employees through the offer of basic and extended training. (Beardwell J. 2004). The increment in employee training within the organization is as a result of HR adopting a proactive strategic role and not an administrative one. The stance taken by HR is that by equipping the employees with the skills that they need to work will in the long run lead to increased growth. (Mullins, L. 2005) Career development is also looked at. This is in light of the changing employment market and employees feeling less secure in their jobs. A disadvantage of this is that since these skills are transferrable, they could in the long run be of benefit to their competitors. Though the merits of training the employees outweigh the demerits, employee shift or movement should not be overlooked. Marchington M & Wilkinson, A 1997) In terms of sustainability, developing employees through T&D and education are imperative because these are the most important factors in determining long-term business profitability. This can also be achieved by fully exploiting the wealth of knowledge within the organization; its employees. (Armstrong, M 2005) It aims to integrate learning as part of it business culture because learning is seen as an inte gral way of being flexible which has a long term organizational value thus maintaining its huge step ahead of its competition. In conclusion, Tescos integrating HR as part of its strategy and focusing on the training of its employees has made them feel a part of the overall strategy which in turn has lead to higher employee commitment. This long run effect gives Tescos the added value it needs in the competitive retail market. Recommendations There are a number of recommendations that can be specified which could enable Tesco to grow into more dominant brand and have even more success both locally and internationally. Tesco’s growth largely depends on its non-food products, these account for over 25% of its sales (not including petrol), and it is these areas that are the key to Tesco’s future success. The main emphasis should now be on developing new and innovative strategies so that these areas can blossom. Already it has been noted that Tesco beauty section is only second to boots, and their skin care range is the fastest growing range in all supermarkets. However, they do face stiff competition from Asda’s and Sainsbury’s clothing range. If Tesco wishes to be viewed as the number one â€Å"one stop shop† then more efforts need to be placed into the non-food areas otherwise customers shall use a different supermarket that do satisfy all their consumer needs. Currently there is a serious cause for concern that our carbon foot print needs to be decreased drastically. All supermarkets have a high level of waste; cardboard, plastics, paper. This problem needs to be address, although Tesco has stated that they wish to be carbon free by 2050, they need to ensure that this dream becomes a realisation. They can reduce these variables by having less packaging on products, promoting recycling, and disposing with plastic bags all together and instead implement long life bags that the customer brings to the store when they visit. Tesco have been extremely successful in many foreign markets through joint ventures and mergers and acquisitions. They have acquired a lot of useful knowledge about the Korean market and now hopefully will flourish in the Asian and Far East market. This shall only happen though if they bring not only their own values but adopt the ones of the country that they are entering. Finally, further steps need to be taken into promoting Tesco’s banking service. If this venture does go ahead they will be an unstoppable force. Conclusion Tesco is a remarkable chain. Although it is leading in its market and is attempting to conquer the international world, it is the values that they uphold that are second to none. It is the emphasis on â€Å"its people† that have allowed them to be so successful; by continuously trying to provide better and faster services of a high quality, and investing time and money in its employees is why they have so many loyal customers. Tescos are known for innovation, they have now become a one stop store, not only can one acquire the weekly shop but now can obtain insurance, home furnishing, clothing, and electrical goods. It is for reasons such as these that they have always been able to stay one step ahead of their competitors. Word count – 3300 References Armstrong, M (2005) (9th Edition) A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice Kogan Page, London Assen, M. , V. , Van den Berg, G. , and Pietersma. , P. 2009) Key Management Models: The 60+ models every manager needs to know, 2nd edition, Balchin A. (1994) Part-time workers in the multiple retail sector: small change from employment protection legislation? , Employee Relations, Vol. 16 Issue 7, pp. 43-57. Beardwell, J and Claydon, T. (2004) (4th Edition) Human Resource Management A Contemporary Approach Prentice Hall, Harlow. Bradley, F. 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